Image formatsince 1997

.rawCamera Raw Image

A family of camera sensor formats used before a photo is rendered into JPG, TIFF, or WebP.

Extensions
.raw, .cr2, .nef, .arw, .raf, .orf, .rw2
MIME
image/x-canon-cr2, image/x-nikon-nef, image/x-sony-arw
Standard
Vendor-specific camera raw formats
Released
1997

About this format

RAW is not one single standard. It is a family of camera vendor formats that store minimally processed sensor data.

Use RAW when you need maximum editing latitude. Export a normal image format when you need compatibility, previews, or upload support.

Real-world samples & file sizes

RAW samples should be judged in the sizes people actually receive, upload, or export. These reference cards show the common shapes and settings to check before choosing a conversion target.

16:91920 x 1080

wide preview

Use for wallpapers, video frames, and desktop previews.

1:11080 x 1080

square crop

Use for profile images, album art, and social posts.

4:51080 x 1350

feed portrait

A common portrait export for social feeds.

9:161080 x 1920

story frame

Use for phone-first previews and vertical posts.

Reference dimensions are platform-style targets. Compatibility and format facts are verified from the linked online sources below.

Pros

  • +Maximum photo editing flexibility
  • +Preserves camera metadata
  • +Best source for serious photo editing

Cons

  • Vendor-specific variants
  • Large files
  • Poor browser and website support

RAW vs other formats

vsSizeQualityNote
DNGVariesBoth are raw workflowsDNG is a more standardized container; proprietary RAW keeps vendor-specific behavior.
JPGRAW is much largerRAW has more editing latitudeJPG is ready to share but much less flexible.

Where it works

Operating systems
  • macOS and Windows support depends on camera codec
  • Linux via raw libraries
Browsers
  • Browsers do not render raw camera files directly
Apps
  • Lightroom
  • Capture One
  • darktable
  • RawTherapee
  • Photoshop Camera Raw

Related tools

Frequently asked questions

Why are RAW files not consistent?
Camera makers define their own raw containers and metadata, so support depends on the camera model and app.
Should I convert RAW to JPG?
Convert only after editing or when you need to share the image. Keep the RAW if you may edit again.

Sources

Other image formats